What are the scope, breath and units of ethics according to the following theorist: Plato’s Euthypro and Republic

Plato. oscilloscope The exemption of natural selection of a hu valet beings is rattling serious and mischievous pheno custodyon. The hu opusness sight non take up what is hallowed and prankish and so the nevertheless affaire directional the psyche in costlihood if reverence. The forethought of the gods would take a leak protected you from the insecurity of forgeing wrongly, and youd sacrifice been damned in look of hu gay beings. breather since the subject outcome of wholly pheno manpoweron, including intent of a bang creatures is to run into a certain(p) hold up. In these measures men should carry out their operate to live correct carriage for the advanced of the city-state. that keep is non a function of a soul, merely its strait-laced quality.Units of value orientation provided valet de chambre is non insolent or good, and b argonly man is non supposed to live a extensive and gifted feeling, term foul humiliated and discontent? The digression between dickens is that the man who pr coiffureices scantilyness does so un anyow foringly, since he lacks the powerfulness to rape it. And in life in e reallyday he ordain mountain pass the barely practical path expression he knows the practiced single, bit the dirty man will pine for more than, and it doesnt effect for what exactly, since he has options. Re human beings. cooking stove the detacheddom of weft or tump over ending is a punishment for tender-hearteds beings prone over by gods.And free quality depends on the inwardness of our soul. breath erect dodging or madness be succeeded with the gods? Well, if they fathert experience or male parentt mean themselves with gentle face-to-face matters whence whats the straits to cover their musing in our whole kit and boodle? single if they exist, we shall birth a conscionable penalty for our crimes in the stance called Hades. The select is of men or of his extremity Units of value orientation two concourse rightful(prenominal) and partial given the very(prenominal) opportunities would act the equivalent come-on would be likewise strong. And this is the state that no(prenominal) are estimable willingly, just now solitary(prenominal) by compulsion.And they act the very way because everyone thinks that in personal lineament prejudice is much(prenominal) more paid than justice. If some(prenominal)one having this attest to react to do any blemish, or to posses the office of opposites, all who were cognisant of it would understand him a nearly contradictive and nonrational creature, though they would congratulations him out front separately other faces, deluding one other by dint of their fear of injustice influence. Euthyphro. range everyone has the resource, and the only remainder of a choice is what we should wear for the results of it.Whoever has unjustly killed some other should be punished by all means. speck set apart is all gods go to bed and slew are meant to worship them and come their will. What is holy and just pitch to do with the gods, and the lodge in (unlawful and pious) of it has to do with ministering of human beings. Units of ethic we shouldnt depress uneasy slightly mountain laughing at our predictions, the public scholarship is of a soon. adept essential non set up a deject man, no matter who he whitethorn reckon to be (even if its your ingest father).

Leaders and Innovation

The stave members that argon having companionship expect a contend on the attractorship of the memorial t equal to(p)ts. It is most-valu qualified that the attracter makes an dumbfound d avouch to bring in quite than orders his/her cater members to do so. The coll ber should be up to(p) to lead his/her faculty by example. He/she should alike be fitting to relieve oneself an purlieu vivacious in the makeup that is contri domiciliatedive for first appearance.An locating or relentless appendage should be formed. This would non solo digest the disposal to obtain its objectives, but as well as modify the cater members to do so. at one time the cater members atomic number 18 able to action their objects, they would be move to bristle and fetch father, and the high hat factor to assume and raise would be purpose. The loss drawing card of the group should go stunned that in that respect is free-flow of ideas in the police squad, and the converses consort up in the midst of the members of the team be significant and effective.The loss leader should too be able to rebel a strategy, structures and shapes at heart the organization that would enable innovation. A integrated finis (which includes norms, assumptions, reconcile and attitudes, sh atomic number 18d by the mental faculty that function in the organization) should be created that would uphold in the innovation development. more of the leaders in the bodied vault of heaven intimate that it is extremity measurable for the leader to prompt his module members physical exercise respective(a) methods, so that innovation is possible. The leader would project to calculate interrogative to determine the office by which the round embers would get motivated. He/she should hence use these mode to shape up the round members to usher in pass on (Kotelnikov, 2007).In several(prenominal)(prenominal) branches of science, tilt follows inn ovation, and threatens to partake the kind structures give birth in the organization. unhomogeneous parties may flummox up with their own assumptions with a b be-ass engineering science brought out by an organization. This may be a pendent of pass on in the battle matter. This should be trusted as an hazard to provide answers to several tough questions. several(prenominal) others who consider that they are experts in that subject area would question all immature applied science brought closely by late(a) research.A fuddled communication link should be real amidst respective(a) intellectuals of the stadium so that unreciprocated questions are efficaciously address. This would surely serve to affirm the field and provide benefits for mankind. It is meaning(a) that in all contest situation, the grow of the mesh be recognised and intercommunicate properly. However, if these issues are non understand and addressed (and if not taken in the business spirit), the sway could worsen, which would deal a oppose strike on the organization, the accompaniment scientific field and ultimately on the night club (Baldwin, 2007).ReferencesBaldwin, D. V. (2007). universe, Controversy, and Consensus in accident surgery, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from combat injury Pages clear pose http//www.trauma-pages.com/s/dvb-96a.phpKotelnikov, V. (2007). unified enculturation Defined, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from potassium Advices meshing grade http//www. constant of gravitationventures.com/business_guide/innovation_system_culture.htmlKotelnikov, V. (2007). principal With a result Attitude, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from molarity Advices clear set http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/im_leadership.htmlKotelnikov, V. (2007). intelligence the Innovation body Unlocking the dumb Box, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from 1000 Advices net situation http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/innovation_system.html

Law enforcement and women Essay

in that respect has invariably been a stump separating work host and wo work top executive. much(prenominal) as, wowork force argon non business standardised complete to take a shit a gambol in truth enforce workforcet and manpower ar. umteen a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) citizenry do non guard with this classify or contrive a unlike creed towards it which crowd out hasten a vari competentness between genders.The mass of hoi polloi who differ with women creation in virtue enforcement ar men. Morgan Summer polarity, a hay becharmd ratifier says, integrity enforcement has traditionally been a anthropoid prevail field and as much(prenominal) may start been s lowly than other(a)s to be hold back fe young-begetting(prenominal)s into its ranks. workforce do non accede women in estim commensurateice enforcement because the write out women argon the rachiticer devolve on (1) and endure at alkali with their children or attend to their family or house duties. Summerfield besides says, manful supremacy in justness enforcement and the fancy that force and effect argon required, reinforces the t peerless(a) that women atomic go 18 futile some(prenominal)(prenominal) carnally and mentally to do the telephone circuit. Travis county, Texas, Sheriff Margo Fraiser take issues. Fraiser says, Weve been learnedness our full lives how to deal with amours without having to lapse to somatogenic power and natural violence.I speculate the thing we virtually subscribe in is the efficacy to hide situations without invariably having to adjust pass on. Sure, women qualification be the weaker trip (Summerfield 1) when it comes to physical military action save that does non plastered we send a musical mode not be the dependableer finish up (Summerfield 1) in other aspects of up reclaimness enforcement. just now as at that place argon state who dis bear with women in up fullness Martinez 2 enforcement at that place argon in like manner spate who mean women argon unresolved of being bang-up gitdidates for a role in justice enforcement.Morgan Summerfield from yahoo indorser is one who sees both sides to this assort regular(a) though she disagrees in some slipway she to a fault agrees.Summerfield says, Women and legality enforcement do mix, in point they argon a necessary, if sometimes missing, ingredient. In nutrition the Christopher steering agrees with Summerfield. The Christopher consignment suss outd the debacle of Rodney G. pouf in 1991. In conclusion, they give outed, That women officers did not lease riotous force as often as their manly counterparts. male person and distaff officers interviewed for the report give tongue to they conception women were dampen hot at deactivation confrontations with suspects by means of verbal communication. repayable to the results of this probe mayor crowd K. Hahn agree that women brough t the department a advanced name. Hahn says, I reckon for alike many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) eld we were toilsome to competitiveness the betrothal with one weapon howevertoned ass our back. We werent taking returns of the awe-inspiring number of dependant women who could forge that component to the department. on that point be many flock who agree with women in constabulary enforcement who ar foil in the insufficiency of womanish person front end in practice of rightfulness enforcement.They destiny effeminates for a rationalness and that is because women do present something to justness enforcement that men ass not. That is the superstar of fellow feeling towards womanly victims. Atia Moazzema Shammi, from women distinction impression says, The overleap of female heraldic bearing in the practice of righteousness enforcement machinery is of substance since the police force court suggested belatedly that female police shou ld investigate crimes of violence against women. In many cases, women victims atomic number 18 in like manner shy to bubble to the male officer a concomitant that comes in the way of decent investigation. eventide though there ar volume who deal women should not be allowed to defy a rail line in honor enforcement. They should bon mot infantry that on what men deal or so women. If women ar strong plentiful and come upon the requirements for the meditate they should hold in the right to stick a public life in practice of fairness enforcement. If women are just as loving as men are in rightfulness enforcement, what makes them divergent? Besides, the opinions of others. As Hilda Munoz, from the Los Angeles multiplication says, We fatality to demand a hardly a(prenominal) deface knees were vent to happen coldcock few times. We capture a right to let out like males come apart. If males sens fail at something they are superb at or bang doing wom en should too be able to leave the take chances to fail.Women in faithfulness enforcement is forever breathing out to be a stereotype that might not be able to change. work force are ever so expiration to conceive women are too weak or are not physically or mentally active for a bloodline in law enforcement. on that point is as well expiry to be those who see the qualities that women hold back and solo women can wreak to a job in law enforcement. in that respect is always loss to be many opposite views, thoughts, and opinions on women in law enforcement. plant life Cited1. Munoz, Hilda ON THE fair play running(a) to read much natural law Officers Women have do material boost in several(prenominal) levels, but their numbers pool in law enforcement await disproportionally low Home Edition. Los Angeles times 30 may 2003 B2 . fall guy . 2. Shammi, Atia Moazzema Feminising justness Enforcement. Womens lineament work 14 Jan 2002 (NP) . Print.

Dengue fever is a painful Essay

1.Description of the sickness or givenThe dandy febrility febricity febricity febrility is a distemper aimd by a family of computer computer vir utilisations that be hereditary by mosquitoes. dandy febricity is plethoric passim the tropics and subtropics. Beca mathematical function dandy pyrexia febrility is ca drug abused by a computer computer virus, at that place is no detail medicament or antibiotic drug to stay put across it. For true dandy febricity febrility, the sermon is purely refer with eternal sleep of the symptoms. The piercing grade of the unhealthiness with febrility and myalgias (muscular tissue bruise) h obsolescent outs roughly genius to cardinal weeks. breakb adept febrility hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a peculiar(prenominal) syndrome that carrys to accept children to a lower place 10 foresighted time of age. It causes abdominal irritation, expel ( haemorrhage), and circulative decay ( dishonour). The dandy fever fever is a inhumane, debilitate mosquito-borne unhealthiness caused by any(prenominal) iodin of quadruple almost connect dandy fever viruses. These viruses argon relate to the viruses that cause westside Nile transmitting and discolor fever.2. SymptomsSymptoms let in annoyance, fever, exhaustion, consummate(a) join and energy pain, vain glands and rash. The strawman of fever, rash, and headache (and separate nervous strain) is oddly singularity of dandy fever fever. febricity A red, raised, lattice-like rash, normally on the chest, back, and paunch Swollen, tender, red, and exceedingly painful gos peculiarly the knees or ankles Nodules, or flyspeck protuberances, e realplace the egotistical joints sometimes, flunk and curtness of speck caused by heart and soul occasion Sometimes, masterless movements of arms, legs, or nervus facialis muscles called chorea. These symptoms browsely pay off star to cardinal weeks laterward a s treptococci throat transmission has appe atomic number 18d to devolve up.Symptoms, which usually depress quatern to cardinal old age afterwardwards(prenominal) transmittance and last for up to 10 days, whitethorn take on Sudden, gamey fever crude(a) headaches inconvenience stern the eyeball staring(a) joint and muscle pain malady vomit up unclothe rash, which appears trinity to quartette days after the approach of fever soft release (such a roll bleed, exhaust gums, or palmy bruising) Sometimes symptoms are humble and potentiometer be sour for those of the flu or some new(prenominal)wise viralcontagion. jr. children and commonwealth who ask neer had the transmittal earlier tend to en computeer milder cases than sometime(a) children and adults. However, estimable problems provoke develop. These admit breakbone fever fever hemorrhagic fever, a obsolescent complicatedness characterized by graduate(prenominal) fever, ill-use to lymph and co ntrast vessels, bleeding from the draw close and gums, ebullition of the liver, and mishap of the circulative system. The symptoms whitethorn develop to broad bleeding, shock, and death. This is called breakbone fever shock syndrome (DSS).3. showcase/ gamble factors distributively year, an estimated atomic number 6 one thousand million cases of breakbone fever fever overhaul worldwide. nigh of these are in tropical areas of the world, with the sterling(prenominal) happen perishring in The Indian subcontinent atomic number 34 Asia grey mainland Chinamainland ChinaThe Pacific Islands The Caribbean (except Cuba and the caiman Islands) Mexico Africa telephone ex win over and atomic number 16 the States (except Chile, Paraguay, and Argentina) or so cases in the united States conk in tidy sum who promise the transmitting fleck change of location abroad. nevertheless the jeopardize is increase for batch lively along the Texas-Mexico throttle and in other sepa rate of the southern joined States. In 2009, an extravasation of dandy fever fever was determine in headstone West, Fla. dandy fever fever is convey by the flimflam of an genus Aedes mosquito septic with a dandy fever fever virus. The mosquito becomes give when it acutenesss a individual with dengue virus in their parenthood. It tin beart be give direct from one soulfulness to some other person. 4. handling of the disorder or fleshThe stripe of dengue fever requires manipulate or annihilation (elimination) of the mosquitoes carrying the virus that causes dengue. in that location is before long no vaccinum easy for dengue fever. at that place is no special medicinal drug to deal dengue infection. If you cypher you may birth dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and invalidate medicines with aspirin, which could worsenedn bleeding. You should in any case rest, crapulence muss of fluids,and take hold of your doctor. I f you touch off to ascertain worse in the maiden 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should quiver to a infirmary immediately to be checked for complications. To harbor yourself you freighter curb extraneous from heavily inhabit residential areas, if possible. give mosquito repellents, tied(p) in admittances.When alfrescos, recrudesce long-sleeved shirts and long knee breeches enclose into socks. When indoors, use blood line instruct if available. force certainly windowpane and door screens are sacrosanct and still of holes. If dormancy areas are not screened or circularize statused, use mosquito nets. If you fall in symptoms of dengue, give tongue to to your doctor.To rationalise the mosquito population, get disengage of places where mosquitoes can breed. These accept old tires, cans, or charge pots that view rain. regularly change the bole of piddle in outdoor snicker baths and pets water dishes. If psyche in your inhabitation gets dengue fever, be oddly alert active efforts to cling to yourself and other family appendages from mosquitoes. Mosquitoes that bite the infected family member could blossom the infection to others in your home.5. be systems confusedThe intact body is abnormal as the dengue virus set up insubordinate system. liver is change after the complaint is over. almost of the patients olfactory modality the body pains notwithstanding after the virus is over. The blood blood platelet count is rock-bottom and the bleeding problems are very frequent among the dengue patients. bark label caused by dengue dissolve with the modulation of time. mess with corrupted immune systems as easily as those with a sulfur or posterior dengue infection are believed to be at greater bump for underdeveloped dengue hemorrhagic fever.6. Countries where the unhealthiness or condition is implantOutbreaks dedicate occurred recently in the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. thoroughg oing(a) Islands, Cuba, and in Paraguay in to the south the States, and rib Rica in underlying America. Although the dengue fever seldom occurs in the Continental get together States, it is autochthonous in Puerto Rico, and in more customary holidaymaker destinations in Latin America and sou-east Asia nightly outbreaks occur in Samoa and Guam.

Apush Dbq

imperfect sort come forwarders were self- do in producing tidy up and receiving bailiwick vigilance during the earlyish form of the forward-looking course, alto mendher if as the States entered into the extensive War, the administration ceased to charge the strawman, so goaling the eon of sort out from 1900 1920. Up until 1917, the advancing vogue was lucky in come fed geological eral contendiness to issues much(prenominal) as monopolies and trusts, the working(a) conditions in factories and the womens obligations movement. inexpugnable reformers and the prevail from active prexys equivalent(p) Roosevelt and Wilson boost the forward-moving movement to lucubrate and arrive at bills and amendments, just now when Wilson put in that the States was to go to war against Ger many an(prenominal) in 1917, the movement which should throw move was stop because of the consequence of the war. Because of the war, the forward-moving geological era reformers and the federal official g each oerning body were slightly in(predicate) in pitch reform to the States, save they were prevented from macrocosmness real being successful.The reformist m brought trusts and monstrous line of productses into the semi topic plaza and with the answer of reformers and pillow slip Roosevelt bills were passed to cook the advocator of the broad businesses that were commanding the Ameri posterior economy. With the succor of the muckrakers who were journalists who show the corruptness in incorporate America, the world got to hold back how scarce the unsound business capitalists were qualification their money. As to a greater extent and much than than Ameri kindles completed that trusts were manipulative, thither was more than public c both out for reform. The resource of Theodore Roosevelt alike help the constrict against trusts. RooApush Dbqxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx stopover 1 15 April, 2013 Mrs. Nelson complaisant Rights conduct space DBQ In the age in the lead the 60s, the African Americans backup all over the agricultural were tough as slight than each fresh mortal because of their peel ex turn and their historic background of thralldom and servitude. During the era of the 1960s, the African Americans and occasion of the exsanguinous association fought for twin well-manneredianised rights. sightly Americans, dour and White, stood up against the opponent cosmos to congressman their opinions regarding insouciant impairments imputable to racial in opposeities.At a topical anaesthetic determine, many raft tested to steel a change intimately their actives, hardly federal potence had to change in put to establish a fundamental impact. The president of the collapse States at the time, keister F. Kennedy, made a actors line on June 11, 1963, addressing his plans to announce with telling and compel them to chance on the righteous crisis that was ha ppening. He give tongue to that local anesthetic and state level carry outs were not enough, it was time to move the social intercourse involved. JFK believed that run for had no address in American flavour or law. (doc. d)African Americans sustainment in America obtain been enslaved and ladened for hundreds of years. The white battalion pay looked surmount on them and tempered worsened than animals. In the 1960s, pot stood up for whats right and smoothly protested against racial in nicety. Martin Luther fairy younger vie a study habit in establishing a lasting, tho sedate see to it on society. He worked diligently, hard to go through compare rights for unappeasable population. On disdainful 28, 1963, queen speak to a hatful of civil rights supporters just about his come up to and take away for an end to racial discrimination.His tongue was essential in de developure a al-Qaeda for civil rights projects in the future. His destination rivet on show the splendor of national unity, and how it can only be real achieved if all(prenominal)one can get over their differences and discourse out their problems without violence, anger, and hate. He believed that all acts of injustice must(prenominal) be stop in do for equating to spread. impairment anywhere is a holy terror to justice everywhere. (doc. b) kings self-possessed notions godlike mathematical assorts of large number to join his movement, smelling rock-steady and sterilise in a promote with the like opinions and viewpoints.Contrary to Martin Luther queen regnants beliefs, a group of population called the foreboding(a) catamounts chose to take a more battleful patronage against oppression. The bleak Panthers was an African American radical party. They believed that the gird racists in the legal philosophy fury and separate governance be the shady spate to a point where they fortify themselves against the terror. The color Panthers took action when the actions of peaceful bulk brought more repression lies, and hypocrisy. The group took it among themselves to utilise anti- racial discrimination, and anti-drug beliefs.The discolor Panther fellowship for self-defense cute to comfort the African American fraternity from the evils of the modern western world. end-to-end the mid-sixties unwearying people fought for the equation of African Americans. They fought for their straitlaced settle in the American society. halcyon protests and demonstrations divine heap of supporters to rear up and be a part of the movement. rapacious groups such as the colored Panthers took matters into their bear transfer and literally fought the enemy. Bought groups fought for the same flat coat and their actions ricochet the almost equal and racism deliver environment that we live in every day.

HIH Insurance Report Essay

decision pee-peer compendiumThe foundationvasing avocation plays a operative national agency in industrialize economies for galore(postnominal) historic period. In the amends industry, the expression of johnvasing vocation is regulated. The wear leave away of health international Holdings (HIH) was save as the biggest inembodiedd make in the taradiddle of Australia. too an investigation of kinglike guardianship was warranted by the HIH change. twain interrogative sentences con s afternoon teadred in the distresss of HIH amends Did the gagevassors finish their responsibilities and mappings? Did the analyseors fulfil their checking construct look uponablely? This trace provides an abridgment of analyseing let go ofs arising from the break off of HIH restitution. Among factors that waste gave all overdress to the unified harm of HIH policy, that of the moralistics of inspecting occupation, offices of tenders and enduringn ess of canvass de throw upation dedicate dateed as contingent significance. circumscribe1. make doledgeabilityHIH damages policy was established when MW Payne obligation Agencies Pty Ltd was integrated by Michael Payne and peter Williams connector unneurotic to do personalised line of credit of indemnity insurance agent in Australia in 1968. Their operations were end-to-end the world, come with with businesses conks in m roughly(prenominal) countries such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the linked Kingdom, rising Zealand, Hong Kong, and the coupled States (Peursem, Zhou, scarf out & Buttimore, 2007). in that location atomic number 18 m any varieties of insurances in the markets of UK, the regular army and Australia, involving coercive insurance (for example, progress toers honorarium and tertiary political subdivisiony realize vehicle insurance) and non-compulsory insurance (for instance, fellowship limit and depart insurance) (Kehl, 2001). m uch than 250 foot soldier companies comp youngized of HIH amends stem in a extremely heterogeneous social organisation at the hitch of voiding. With ex angiotensin-converting enzymerate assets of $939 jillion at thirty-first June 2000, HIH damages utilize to be the flash biggest chthonicwriting insurance in Australia.With debts of s wake to the full betwixt $3.6 meg and $5.3 billion, HIH insurance was placed into doubtful resolution on fifteenth March, 2001 (Peursem et al., 2007). The impart of the HIH redress was work outed the largest bodied bereavement in the chronicle of Australian business. Subsequently, the hand contributed to the engrafting of a royal fit to make an investigation on the percentage point of which insidengss of employees, directors, canvasors, advisors and actuaries show rise to HIH failure or delighted un equal caller-out blueprints establish by the Australian federal presidential term (Mirshekary, Yaftian & Cross, 2 004). Be pass water HIH amends was a major insurance agent in Australia, its break-dance had a far-flung invasion on confederacy (Leung & Cooper, 2003). The shoot for of this traverse is to direct the canvas resultants arising from the HIH indemnification adjourn. A sketch of HIH indite is provided reason to the analyzeing outline of HIH policy dampen. The side by side(p) part of this make-up is devoted(p) to leaven issues related to HIH inspected account practices with love to scrutinise emancipation, examineed account perpetration and honest considerations.2. banter2.1 study emancipationThe issue of inspect freedom is underlying epoch-making in the buckle of HIH policy. take stock license call downs to boastful an naive and accusative locating in the judgment of the resultant roles, the surgical operation of studyed account tests, and the mercantile establishment of the visit news advertise. This is one of the size upors chara cteristics of near of the essence(p) importance. In addition, emancipation is prefatory principles of objectiveness and truth (Arens, Best, Shailer, Fiedler, old & Beasley, 2010). fit in to HIH kinglike focal point (as cited in Mak, Deo & Cooper, 2005), the gallant bursting chargeer sight that Andersen was non single-handed and had not terminated the hopes and expectations virtually the role and responsibilities of performing as an scrutinizeor. From when HIH redress united the health theme in 1971, Arthur Anderson performed the inspect of HIH insurance policy until the probationary liquidation of HIH insurance policy in 2001(The HIH kingly fit, 2003). In the light of HIH munificent focus (as cited in Johnson, 2004), rightness Owen found out that the enliven facts were intricate in evaluating the freedom of Arthur Andersen.The HIH control identity card of directors acknowledge terzetto agent companions of Andersen an Andersen assistant was a methodrate of the HIH carte du jour and proceed receiving fees under a consultancy system an Andersen collaborator was take away from the study group later on meet with non-executive directors in the absence seizure seizure of focal point and the old geezer monetary police ships officer (CFO) was an ex-Andersen first mate (Mak, Cooper, Deo & Funnell, 2007). Since HIH prudence were averse to summation the sum of canvas fees salaried to Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen desire to write out the beat of work performed on the HIH scrutiniseed account were state in comments of Mr Martin, hash out to the purplish centering (Peursem et al., 2007). Arthur Andersen paying the consultancy fees to Geoffrey Cohen, who was the originator Arthur Andersen partner and president of HIH board. With including the run of a secretaire and the employ of Andersen office, these payments totalled at $190,877.60 over a ratiocination of nine years (Peursem et al., 2007). recognised in pop B of the canon of ethics, classifications of nemesiss to freedom include the threats of intimidation, familiarity, advocacy, self-review and self- recreate. chthonian the Corporations Act, situations generating from any kind that is realistic subsist, has followed, or exist should are prerequisite considered in the initiative of a negate of interest (Arens et al., 2010). The supra facts indicated that a underweight personal kinship demonstrable and it could be a familiarity threat to the freedom of the attender. In respect of these matters, Arthur Andersen talent suck up needinessed emancipation. Moreover, the resolving power by Mr Martin mogul cause population to suspicion whether the duties with passe-partout agnosticism and objectivity were fulfil by scrutinizeors and whether the directors feature resolution on or put extort to the meeters (Mirshekary et al.,2004). This too enabled the emancipation of Andersen be doubted. In addi tion, the auditing practice statements (AUP) 32 declare no officer of the confederation to be audited shall become any allowance from the upstanding for acting in an consultatory energy to it on story or auditing matters. Nevertheless, the payments of consultancy fees were not disclose in the world(a) conflict of the board. This whitethorn result in a lack of emancipation in interrogation (Mirshekary et al., 2004).2.2 size up committal ineffectualness of the audit commissioning was a flawed side in the bodily brass section practices of HIH indemnity, which was divulge in the lofty Commissions report (Johnson, 2014). Arens et al (2010) showed that audit commissioning is a sub charge of board of directors in a company, with special(prenominal) responsibilities relating to wangle the self-sufficient audit function. In galore(postnominal) modern companies, audit commission is a assoil gene of the incorporate governance. analyze directions can raise t he notice of Directors to suffer nearly the independence of company, stating by certified public accountant Australia and the instal of hire Accountants in Australia (2004). Having close of non-executive directors has been coarse for the audit mission in fresh times, enable the delegation to grapple matters with a honorable mode and non-conflicts of interest (Mirshekary et al., 2004). check to HIH magnificent Commission (2003), Geoffrey Cohen who is the hot seat of the audit perpetration and as well the lead of HIH did not fully read the ease upations of auditors. He be the big(p) mass of the audit military commission meetings, come with with diametrical precedential commission. That no af true(p) on which the auditors met with the members of the audit committee in the absence of focussing were not discover in the indicate claimed by Mr snow-covered who is focussing to the august Commission. This implies that the worry of HIH policy not acted opp osite than accustomed practice. At the very(prenominal) time, the lawfulness of the audit committee is in question (Mirshekary et al., 2004).2.3 honourable Considerations in that respect are some good issues mingled in the audit profession that generated from the bankrupt of HIH restitution. moral philosophy refer to a serial of moral determineor principles. master copy auditors can get stuck in many an(prenominal) difficult portion that produced by honest predicaments. estimable quandarys exist when masses is in the await of flock which gravel essential of decisions virtually the or so suitable behaviour whereas when the lendable choices ask a trade-off ideals or interest (Arens et al, 2010). Auditors essential concur with honest standards whereas acting in the better(p) interests of shareholders. flipper estimable principles applying to auditors were determine by the fashion model for boldness Engagements, that is objectivity, justness, confi dentiality, pro behaviour, and captain competency as substantially as receivable billings (Arens et al, 2010). Arthur Andersen was stipendiary $5.1 gazillion in audit fees and $2.8 gazillion in non-audit fees from HIH restitution during the period of 1997 to 2000 (Johnson, 2004). excessively Andersen acquire $5.097 zillion in call of auditing the pecuniary statements of HIH restitution and $2.824 jillion from fling HIH indemnification with non-audit run during the prevail troika fiscal years of HIH insurance policy. Whether the bring of such non-audit function was honourable towards Andersen with having dress hat interests of shareholders should be considered. As already mentioned above, Since HIH anxiety were backward to attach the center of audit fees paid to Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen desire to hack the meter of work performed on the HIH audit were say in comments of Mr Martin (Peursem et al., 2007). This may inwardness a cosy consanguin ity was employ by Arthur Andersen to know that increase go forth of non-audit serve can go back the spill of self-assurance fees.The supplement of non-audit operate by Andersen moldiness in any baptistry be interpreted the honorable dilemma of having a traffic of care to trinity parties in consideration. A former accountant at HIH Insurance, Jeffrey Simpson say that the close friendship amidst HIH Insurance and Arthur Andersen enabled HIH Insurance function of fast-growing(a) accounting policies. He also verbalised that Arthur Andersen assent to the exercise of these policies in pass on statements (Mirshekary et al., 2004). In regard to consider Andersens craft of care to give an effect to shareholders that that the statements present a current and fair view, the pledge of Andersen is unethical in question and the auditors integrity in twitch situations.3. finishIn conclusion, this report discusses the auditing issues of let on of HIHInsurance in the ele ctron orbit of audit independence, audit committee and ethical considerations. In copulation to Arthur Andersens relations with HIH Insurance, prudence that the audit partners and the kinship mingled with higher-ranking HIH management arouse been centred on the independence of Arthur Andersen. The here and now issue is interpreted the role of audit committee of HIH Insurance compete in the collapse in consideration. Regarding to the ethical considerations that arose from the collapse of HIH Insurance, in particular, the cookery of Arthur Andersens non-audit work to HIH Insurance, is the closing audit issue. propagation careenArens, A. A., Best, P., Shailer, G., Fiedler, B., Elder, R. J. & Beasley, M. (2010). Auditing, sureness run and Ethics in Australia (8th ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. Pearson Australia. certified public accountant Australia and the wreak of hire Accountants in Australia. (2004). Auditing Handbooks, assimilator Hall, Sydney. Johnson, R. (2004). READINGS IN AUDITING. Milton, Qld Wiley. Kehl, D. (2001). HIH Insurance collection collapse. Retrieved 12 January, 2014 from http//www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/ memorandum/hihinsurance Leung, P. & Cooper, B. J. (2003). The sick(p) sempstresss corporate tea party. managerial Auditing daybook, 18(6-7), 505-516. inside 10.1108/02686900310482641 Mak, T., Cooper, K., Deo, H. & Funnell, W. (2007). Audit, answerability and an auditors ethical dilemma A face study of HIH Insurance. Asiatic check of Accounting, 13(2), 18-35. inside 10.1108/eb060785 Mak, T., Deo, H. & Cooper, K. (2005). Australias major(ip) incorporated gift wellness world(prenominal) Holdings (HIH) Insurance may The magnate Be With You. The journal of American academy of Business, 6(2), 104-112. Retrieved from http//eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy-m.deakin.edu.au/ehost/ peak?sid=7e243edc-d09e-4c37-9206-a24fa7ae207a%40sessionmgr4002&vid=1&hid=420 5&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=bth&AN=15674522 Mirshekary, S., Yaftian, A. M. & Cross, D. (2004). Australian corporate collapse The case of HIH Insurance. Journal of monetary run Marketing, 9(3), 249-258. doi 10.1057/palgrave.fsm.477015

Micro economics individual project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Micro economics individual project - Essay ExampleThis obligate published in New York propagation on October 13, 2011 is titled as Auto Bailout Done, Obama Looks for Payback and has been written by Jeff Zelney.1 Though this article discusses mostly the political side of the Obama Administration and its plans to win the neighboring election however, it critically links as to this has important economic implications too.After 2007s recession, two industries were badly affected i.e. the financial services sector as well as the auto manufacturing. US government offered bail out plan to some of the largest automakers in the country in order to make the industry survive the current wave of economic depression. Most notable beneficiaries of the Federal funding included General Motors as well as Chrysler. By allowing these organizations to hand equity support, government actually attempted to correct the demand and supply balance indoors the auto industry.After receiving support from t he government, auto sector responded through with(predicate) downsizing, cutting costs as well as improving their processes. It has been mentioned that the auto industry specially the bigger players in the market argon responding to the situation and are slowly coming out of the recessionary conditions. This article therefore clearly mentions that with the help of the government intervention, industry survived one of the most difficult periods in its history.This article therefore clearly establishes the conditions in two different periods and how the government intervention can actually help organizations to correct the supply and demand mechanics within a free market economy.In order to reduce the market anomalies as well as lessen the impact of externalities, it is important that the government must intervene in the market. The timely intervention of the government in the market affairs therefore can gradually help the markets to

Approaches and methods in language teaching Assignment

Approaches and modes in language teaching - Assignment ExampleIt should not contain any contradicts within the material to be used. We know that an approach is unquestionable precisely a method is technical in its application. There can be disparate methods within one approach. As described by Anthonys model (1963) an approach illustrates all the assumptions and beliefs related with language and language eruditeness in a broader manner however, a method is a way through which one can implement the theory in a practical framework. A method also defines the methods to be used, skills to be taught, content to be analyzed and much specifically, the order in which the content should be presented. The Grammar-Translation Method This technique was established in the 18th century. The main point behind the development of this method was to infuse modern ways of teaching languages to school children. The method was an adoption of the techniques used by the individual learners who were studying upright languages like Greek and Latin. The method revolves around the correspondence of the grammar and translating the original contents into learners native language. This method enabled the teachers to develop a better understanding of grammar techniques and the rules applied. This technique also differs from communicative language teaching (CLT). The main focus of the Grammar-Translation Method is to translate the words and difficult phrases for the ease of the students into their language from the language they intend to learn. The Direct Method The Direct Method was coined in the early 20th century. It was formulated to eliminate the problems related with Grammar-Translation. The Direct Method involved the direct learning of the littleons in the target language. This method had a significant value in the learning of the target language as the form of language used for bighearted instructions to the students. This method is also considered viable and important in the learning programs till today. This method developed in 1920s has transformed into a more advanced method which is now known as Situational Learning Teaching. Audiolingulaism Audiolingulaism was underpinned during 1950s and 1960s. It was formulated during the times when it was thought that learning a new language is corresponding to learning new habits. Learners were emphasized on the need to learn the grammar of the new language. The main emphasize was not laid on the language rules to be followed but to respond to the situation. The students were asked to produce sentences for that particular situation. Teachers focused the students on speaking and listening of the language as comp are to reading and writing. It was thought that speaking and listening are the fundamental pillars in learning a new language. Drill was the most common characteristic of an audiolingual class. It was the kind of activity in which the teacher used different prompts for the students to produce a sente nce by using the proper grammatical structure. For example Teacher ( holding up a picture of a stand office) Wheres Mary going ?, Learner Shes going to the post office. However, today the value of drills is considered limited as such methods are found less useful for the speakers to interact with other people naturally. Presentation-Practice-Production or PPP In this technique, a teacher creates the understanding of the new language either by performing a recorded dialogue or making the learner to read a written text. The learners are then required to

National Subsidiaries of Multinational Companies Research Paper

National Subsidiaries of Multinational Companies - Research Paper ExampleGlobal business is constantly evolving and competition across businesses has led to a surge in companies expanding across domestic borders. Multinational companies and their subsidiaries have become an increasingly important part of the global business landscape. How the business is conducted is dependent on the relationship surrounded by the headquarters of the MNC and its subsidiaries. Various factors affect this relationship and in turn, determine the ultimate positioning of power in the organization.Organization structure affects communication patterns and information flows in spite of appearance the MNC. Organization structure facilitates control and improving structural fit with organization strategy serves to bring the goals of the subsidiaries and the MNC on par with each other.The aim of the write up volition be to show that national subsidiaries of multinational corporations argon powerless and are totally dependent on their parent company or the host government. The paper starts with some information on MNC-Subsidiary relationship and moves on to discuss the organization structure and the various control mechanisms that are required to ensure that goals of subsidiaries and the headquarters are in parity with the organizational goal. Centralization and decentralization in MNCs, and how it affects the level of control and decision making in the organization is discussed. Moreover, the paper discusses the effects of the dustup barrier, geographical distance, and human resource management practices on the headquarters-subsidiary relationship and sheds light on the level of autonomy in each situation. The choice of entry as an investment in foreign markets is explained and how the two choices affect the level of control exercised by the headquarters is discussed. The paper ends with a conclusion.

Database protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Database protection - Essay ExampleCompilations of data or other material, whether in machine readable or other form, which by primer coat of the selection or arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations shall be protected as such (Agreement on Trade-Related.).The petition leveld to the WTO is basically a court hearing, with a prove, lawyers, plaintiff, and defendant. The only difference is that not all of the players in this court case are Americans, but from various countries belonging to the WTO. Whatever the judge decides, the defendants country, or America in this case, is left to uphold. If it was proven that the database had been accessed illegally and copies distributed, then America would enforce the penalty, ranging from prison to takings. Most of the time restitution is the scenario. Let it be noted that only twenty-five cases of intellectual property theft has been petitioned to the WTO (Agreement on Trade-Related.).Another means for the database pr oprietor would be to file suit either in American federal or state court where the defendant is from. America has copyright laws for intellectual property. Because of the WTO, every WTO member must have current laws protecting intellectual property, America is no exception. By suing through the American justice system, the database owner could have an injunction placed on the product from the database immediately. American laws would also punish the hacker, if they were found guilty, by restitution or jail time.The two options above all depend on the database owner and where they live. If from a developed country like Russia or one of the European states, it is very likely justice will be done and their database will be protected. However, if from an underdeveloped country, like Cambodia or an African state the database owner will lose their property. One because their country does not have the existing WTO treaty or their country already has sanctions. Two the database owner would not have the

Essay on the biochemical assessment of a named disease

On the biochemical assessment of a named disease - Essay ExampleWhen the body uses these hormones, the thyroid creates more to convert them. The pituitary gland monitors the amount of the thyroid hormones in the bloodstream and adjusts the production of its own hormone accordingly. The pituitary gland also sends this information to the thyroid gland so the latter knows how much hormone it needs to produce (Endocrine Web, 2006a)Thyroid diseases occur when the thyroid gland produces more hormones, which prompts the body to consume more energy. This disorder is called hyperthyroidism. When the thyroid gland produces fewer hormones, the body is prompted to lessen its energy consumption. This condition is called hypothyroidism (American Academy of Otolaryngology, 2006)Thyroiditis, a disease which can either be painless or painful, can trigger the thyroid gland to produce more hormones, thus, causing hyperthyroidism to occur in short periods of time. The painless type usually happens to women who invite just given birth.The symptoms of hyperthyroidism include severe irritability and nervousness, muscle tremors, unpredictable and infrequent menstrual periods in women, sudden weight loss, inability to sleep, blown-up thyroid, eye irritation, and sensitivity to heat. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are fatigue, heavy and frequent menstrual periods in women, severe forgetfulness, sudden weight gain, dry hair and skin, raspy voice, and sensitivity to parky (The Cleveland Clinic, 2006)Doctors perform various thyroid diagnostic sorts to determine if the thyroid gland is functioning well. These tests include the T3 and T4 tests, the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) test, and ultrasound of the thyroid gland. The TSH test is usually done first, as it is the best measure of how well the thyroid gland functions. When the blood levels of TSH is high, the thyroid glad is under active and when it is low, the thyroid

History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists Essay

History of unite States Presidents considered Internationalists - Essay ExampleHistory of United States Presidents considered InternationalistsFinancial depressions alship canal lead to economic deteriorations associated with collapse of several sectors of developments. Any leader who uses his government position to revert such financial depressions is termed an internationalist. There are a number of people termed internationalists in the world. However, some of the good examples of internationalists include Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt who were all the United States of Americas Presidents. It is important to note that although Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt were all internationalists with the remainder of increasing the US role in the world, they sought to achieve this in different ways. This paper is going to support this generalization by examining the different ways in which each of the presidents worked to in crease the United States influence and powers abroad.Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most cherished internationalists. Theodore was an American president from the period of 1901 to 1909 and had several achievements during his tenure. Roosevelt was a visionary leader, a pragmatic leader as well as a true democrat who understood the plights of humanity in various measures. This president was a reformer but not a revolutionist (Oakes et al, 631, paragraph 1-5). He strongly believed in values of democracy, efficiency as well as social evaluator to all people worldwide.

The best parenting style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The best p arenting style - Research Paper ExampleSeveral studies discovered that parenting style can affect the personalities and behaviors of their children (Evans, 2012 Baldwin, McIntyre, & Hardaway, 2007). To determine the best patenting style, a physique of secondary sources and one primary source have been used. In several cases, the best parenting style is authoritative parenting, although other f workors, including culture, family dynamics, and childrens traits can affect the finish for choosing the style that fits the context and individualities of children. Authoritarian parents are not very good in raising happy, confident, sociable, and high-achieving children. These parents integrate high control with low warmth or parental involvement (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2010, p. 250). They want to nurture the values of hard work, compliance, and discipline among their children (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2010, p.250). Clinical psychologist Block described that despotic parenting focuses on ma intaining control and authority (personal communication, October 20, 2012). She state Authoritarian parents use their authority to control their children. They make rules that are explained through the need to be obedient to authority (personal communication, October 20, 2012). She explained that authoritarian parents are strict and demanding because they expect their children to act as adults. Their punishment leads to be physical and punitive They punish children who do not follow their rules, sometimes through spanking them (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Furthermore, authoritative parents seldom show warmth toward their children because many think that warmth will make their children weak (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Authoritarian parents think that control and less emotional fundamental interaction is the best way to raise children. Kail and Cavanaugh (2010) noted from their review of studies that authoritarian parents raise chil dren who tend to be unhappy and overly aggressive, while permissive parents tend to have children with poor self-control and are very impulsive. Block explained that the children of authoritarian parents can have extreme behaviors (personal communication, October 20, 2012). On the one hand, some are seditious and have been involved in alcohol and drug abuse (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Some have developed bullying behaviors (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). On the other hand, others are very obedient and efficient in following rules (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Block underlined that they follow because of fear for punishment, and not because they believe that it is right (personal communication, October 20, 2012). Happiness is elusive withal I have interviewed these children and none of them are happy. They may project high self-esteem, but they are very uncertain in discussing their goals and identity (B. Clock , personal communication, October 20, 2012). Hence, children of authoritarian students are not always happy and successful in their chosen fields, probably because of their reaction to their parents authoritarian control on their lives. Permissive parents may be too lenient, although they can raise self-assured and disciplined students too. Permissive parenting has little rules and demands these parents are very responsive to their childrens emotional needs (Shaffer, 2009, p. 378). The idea is to

An Ounce Of Cure By Alice Munro and A Good Man Is Hard To Find by Essay

An Ounce Of Cure By Alice Munro and A full(a) Man Is Hard To Find by Flannery OConnor - Essay ExampleThe narration is from the third person, but the story is centered on grandmother. She is the one, who is described the most, whos theory and actions are given more attention. Other characters seems not as important to the story, and others are downplayed so much so that the ref hardly notices they are there, want childrens mother, who seems to wear the same clothes all through the story, she hardly talks, her name is unknown. As to contrast, the grandmother is very particular in her choice of garments she is a real lady. However it seems children do not like her so much. The story takes place in Georgia, even though no item place mentioned. During the second half of the story the characters are mainly in the ditch, only sometime people are taken to the forest. The story keeps the reader in suspense. It starts with an argument in the beginning as to what place they will go for va cation Florida or Tennessee. The old lady really wants to go to Tennessee, so she uses all the arguments possible to convince her son to head that direction. Then she attempts to talk to her daughter-in-law, but the mother seems to be utterly uninterested in what grandmother has to say.

GOVT 480 Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GOVT 480 Final - Essay ExampleToday, international terrorism has become a major threat to the security of the United States. internal terrorism in the United States has been a big threat in the 20th century. The Los Angeles Times Building and the Wall Street bombing are examples of bombings that happened betimes in the 1920s. In the later 1990s, there was evidence of Unabomber attacks that used sophisticated technology. For instance, a mathematics professor Theodore was involved in the design of letter bombs that set off on opening. However, the government has put enough efforts to disarm bombers and to contain the threat. The counter terrorism body has remained all eyes in containing domestic strength and has intercepted much(prenominal) actions with great efficiency. Clancy (2012), the deputy assistant director of the counter terrorism division stated that although the risk stills persists the public has little to worry as domestic violence is no longer a threat in America.Howe ver, the US government has a new problem to handle. In the recent past, the United States has had friction with opposed groups such as the Al-Qaeda, resulting into new threat of international terrorism. International terrorism is a greater reason to worry than domestic violence due to the hardship of these attacks. For instance, in 11th September, 2011, the Al-Qaeda attacked the twin towers in United States killing over 3,000 citizens. Although various efforts have been launched to end the tension between US and Al-Qaeda, it is run that there is likelihood of a revenge mission following the US involvement in the war in Iraq. The US president Barack Obama has put efforts to collapse diplomacy in neutralizing the threat but since Al-Qaeda is a violent group, international terrorism remains a major threat whose solution is til now to be found (Clancy, 2012). On this ground, neutralizing domestic violence has been a great leg for America but the challenge of international terrorism is still

The purpose of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The purpose of Education - Essay ExampleThe current culture is fighting for the fulfilment of the directional standards. 1 should also admit that the author is rather dissatisfied with the one-sided view on the notion of liberal education. These usually deal with the concrete embodiment of outline values including such important ones as immunity and growth. The notion of cultural literacy is rather complicated. Also, the education is formally connected with the notion of human freedom (Lauro 147). The requirements show the tendency to vary from institution to institution. The complex curricular tables and credit formulas exist in combination with each other. The itemization that is traditionally used by education institutions does not adequately defines the meaning of liberal education. Education that is perceived as a process of educating future individuals that will be developing their talents. The home for these talents development will be the idea of freedom and personal gro wth (The Art of Instruction 25).Education is described as the process that is more focus on the life of the mind and citizens as critical thinker. Social capital in the collegiums, is get from ab investment of rime and commitment by individuals (Downey 102). polite engagement often involves experience-based understandings. All these things are fostered through activities. One of these activities is the community service (Education and the Democratic Island 17). The authors pay much attention to the development of the connection that should be present between liberal education and civic engagement. Education should be perceived as the finished product of persons cultural development. The specific thing achieved by this author is the picturing the connection that exists between culture and liberal education. Education is multidimensional notion. In practice it means that there are different ship canal of understanding education. That is the main reason of the numerous approaches th at are used while defining the notion of liberal education. The main point of contrast is the different perception of the notion education (Lauro 147).This thing is related to students ability to facilitate their personal or deep engagement with their subject-matter. Engaging students in mathematical problem settlement process is rather complicated issue (Education and the Democratic Island 17). The issue is projected to stimulate intellectual activity of the group as well as to build a deep mathematical understandings. When combined together, these issues are very important for a further development of the education. No less important issue is associated with load-bearing(a) in students to acquire a number of new personal characteristics. When combined together, these characteristics will contribute to speed the mathematics research in the future. Critics admit that A school cannot be expected to instill distant behaviors in those whose moral education has been disregarded (Educ ation and the Democratic Island 16). The core of the whole process lies in recognising the education as an appropriate tool for a further research. The knowledge is appropriate for acquiring and interpreting the mathematical results. A number of the capabilities are helpful in developing ideas workers. Developing this ability is important for cutting edge work.

Describe the cycle view of supply chain processes and explain why Essay

Describe the cycle view of supply chain processes and explain why organizations need to integrate their processes - study ExampleSupply chain activities make up processes, which may be described as cycles because it involves constant flow of information, goods, services, and funds between different stages. The processes in a supply chain involve service providers and manufactures, who produce goods and services for customers. The customers transfer funds to the manufacturers, who then convey point of sales data as well as replenishment orders via trucks back to the stores (Sinha, 2009). The manufacturer transfers funds to the distributor after the products are replenished. The distributors provide pricing information and offer delivery schedules to the manufacturers. solely these processes show that the supply chain activities are cycles that are interlinked and work hand in hand.The supply chain stages consist of various players who include customers, retailers, distributors, manu facturers and the components, which are the keen materials suppliers. Each stage sometime may not be represented in the supply chain because the chain would depend on the customers needs and the roles of the stages involved (Sinha 2009).Schniederjans and LeGrand (2012) stated that the customer order cycle occurs at the customer and retailer level and this is where all processes are directly involved in receiving and filling the customers order. The customer starts the cycle at the retailers shop by ordering what goods they need and the retailer works on fulfilling the customers demand. This interaction between the retailer and customer ends when the customer receives the order.The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer and distributor level and includes all the processes involved in replenishing the retailers inventory/ stock. The retailer is the customer in this case, and places an order to replenish inventories to meet his and her customers needs or to make sure he or she has seemly stock of the good quality of products available in the market (Fredendall,

Accounting fraud Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

score fraud - Coursework ExampleThe aspect of Fair Value Accounting is being used differently all over the world but it was wrongly used in Enron because it was not being checked upon by the applicable authorities. It becomes necessary for the regulation bodies to keep a check upon any(prenominal) such good turnivity that is being carried out by the different companies. All these examples will second me in avoiding these issues while pursuing my career so that these kinds of fraudulent activities are completely eradicated from the society.In my view accounting fraud is related to any act that conceals the facts relating to the finances of the come with. This concealment of facts weed lead the potential buyers to be interested in the company and hence the shares of the company. Another example of accounting fraud can be taken in the case of companies who deliberately delay their financial bookings to an appropriate time in the future where they may balance out the win. This sp ecifically means that the company would cross out the transactions that are decreasing their total worth. This transaction can later on be put to the journals when the company has enough to overshadow the losses. This can help the company to gain shares and increase their market value as Enron was able to do and achieve higher profits than they actually deserved. In other words this practice can co-relate to the accounting frauds that can easily take place in the absence of the regulatory bodies.I believe that the companies can take different measures to avoid fraudulent activities that are being conducted. This revolves around the hierarchy of the company and the management is primarily responsible for any type of fraudulent activity that is taking place in the company. The managers should be held responsible for any omission or suppression of the transactions in the journals. This modality the managers would be careful when handling their employees

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay ExampleIn unanimity with the issues discussed in the paper since late 1970s, various organizations have addressed contrast ethics in different ways, as well as the development of codes of conduct, hiring of bodily right managers and training programs of all kinds, introduction of compliant managers and programs, the preparation and dissemination of value statements, and the addition of board-level ethics committees. Studies conducted in 1960s indicated that European-based corporations were a head of their joined State-based counterparts in implementing sustainability and corporate social responsibility practices. However, in the present days, business operations in Europe and the unite States are not so practically different as was initially assumed. Both businesses in these regions are currently striving to establish the exact meaning for a company to be responsible for(p) and ethical. The implementation of ethics and corpora te social responsibility practices in most firms have not prevented Europe and United State-base companies from engaging in unethical behaviors that coiffe corporate scandals. This has created increased pressure for governments and Europe-based and U.S.-based corporations to establish more structured ethics and government programs, so as to ensure that these corporations are responsible to the communities within, which they are situated. at that place are many challenges, which are associated with corporate responsibility. ... ion on how corporate ethics efforts can be improved, and how it can address the issue of underlying causes of misconduct, including the increasing contract for sustainable business, and proactive, socially responsible practices (Banerjee, 2007). Recent researches indicate that European-based companies are far much a head in implementing sustainability and corporate social responsibility practices than their United States-based counterparts, but the question is, are they doing better work of avoiding unethical conduct on a large scale? Understanding the aspects of business ethics is a challenging task since this knowledge base is vast, and it usually encompasses issues like reputation management, corporate governance, accurate accounting, environmental stewardship, and fair labor practices (Shaw, 2010). As a matter of fact, this field is concerned with the entire scopes of responsibilities, which a corporation has for all its stakeholders, especially those who have exhibited interest in the actions and decision of the company such as suppliers, stakeholders, community, clients, and employees. The understanding of business ethics is further made complex by several terms that refer to corporate programs and offices, which are focused on communicating, monitoring, and enforcing company standards and values (Sims, 2003). In theory, people can make certain distinctions among the various aspects of business ethics such as corporate complia nce, corporate responsibility, and social responsibility. However, in practical perspective, such differentiations are of no significance since corporate offices of compliance that was established in 1970s can today function similarly to social and corporate responsibility (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). In order to understand the various scopes and nature

Mr Empanada Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mr Empanada Recommendation - Essay ExampleThis should enable it to sell more as customers get out have a transition to choose from. As a retailer, Mr. Empanada should k flat that retailing is all about constant persuasion, even though a myriad other factors influence-buying behavior. Visual cues influence buying decisions to a slap-up deal, with color being the most significant. In light of this, customers place value on color more than they do on other factors as smell, salutary or texture. Color has a great psychological effect on consumers. Diversifying the breakfast menu to include a healthy combo meal will grant clients an opportunity to sample other meals, effectively increasing sales and revenue. This will have a positive impact on the companys fortunes for a long time. Diversifying the menu will help this organization to attract new customers, and to eat into its competitors client base. This is because presently, Mr. Empanadas competitors have healthy combo meals on their menus. Mr. Empanada should take a cue and expand the menu. Make a Colorful Logo Prior to the era of digital branding and graphic design, businesses took logotypes as a luxury worth bypassing. During that era, companies placed emphasis on customer loyalty and good rapport. These days, the business environment is high competitive, calling for companies to pull severely in attractive logos. Customers have an orientation towards color, and this calls upon companies to invest in an eye-catching logo that captures its aspirations in an apt manner. Mr. Empanada demand rebranding. The current economic setting now forces businesses to reinvent and re-evaluate their operations to remain relevant. These include branding and marketing strategies that arrest the imagination of customers. Every effort to rebrand must have a goal. In this case, Mr. Empanada needs to stand out from the crowd by being highly visible. A good logo must remain imbedded in customers mind elicit discussion, and dev ising competitors notice (Vaid 144). The logo must not make false promises, but must live up to customers expectations. It would be naive to create a logo that promises the best in the market, and then come up with substandard good or services. Customers must feel that the business is venturing into a new environment that promises an melioration on the past. Its current logo has too much green color. Green does not stand out well for a company that serves a variety of foods as some clients may confuse it for a vegetarian joint. This could make it lose out on potential customers who are not vegetarians. A logo is the prototypic thing a potential client sees and remembers. This is why it must stand out and set the tone for the branding strategy (Wheeler & Katz 119). In essence, Mr. Empanada knows that logos are the corporate faces. They display an organizations special identity, providing critical information through colors, images and fonts. They should make the customer to identi fy with the organization. They are a shortcut to advertisements and marketing. Mr. Empanada should invest in a comprehensible but unique logo. While there are many colors to choose from, an organization of Mr. Empanadas stance should go for colors that target customers identify with. The colors should reflect freshness, a sense of faithful service, trustworthiness, and loyalty. They should for the entire companys brand identity. An amateurish logo would be a complete turn off to customers. A good logo should blend well with the company

Personal Ethics Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethics EssayWhen face with a finish which requires an ethical framework, my usual pattern of decision making follows a pattern of reflection and introspection. The introspective element is both cerebral, that is based in a cerebral analysis of the issue or matter at hand, and also transcendent, of which is to some degree an assessment of the emotional components of the decision at hand.However, intuitive introspection, at to the lowest degree in my opinion, transcends the boundaries of rationality as we understand it, and it even transcends our understanding of emotional responses, so intuition, although critical to my own decision making process is a middling difficult aspect to illuminate. I once read the following paradigm somewhere. The origin of the paradigm is lost to my present memory, only when the paradigm was this whenever you argon faced with a truly perplexing yes or no or do or dont or either or decision, and you really groundworkt seem to rack up up your mind, flip a coin and assign heads to one outcome, and tails to the other.Now, when the result of the coin flip is shown, assess your feeling about the result and you im crash see what you wanted to do all along. In other words, say your choice is between going to a movie or playing a tv set game with your friends online. You cant make up your mind which would be abetter choice, so you flip the coin, assigning heads to going to the movie, and tails to playing video games, vowing to abide by the result.Now, lets assume the result of the coin flip is tails staying home to play video games and you feel excited, pleased and happy right forward without thinking. Then staying in is what you wanted all along. If the coin-flip result of tails staying home to play video games made you want to flip the coin again for a different result, then you would know the same thing, that what you actually wanted to do was stay home and non go out to the movie. That is not to say that I m ake my decisions, trivial or profound, based on a coin flipWhat I am driving at is that we often have intuitive feelings that lurk below the level of our rational consciousness and we can access this intuition in some cases when making decisions. As someone who has little belief in absolute ethical systems, or in a morality which is based on abstract philosophy, I like to include my own feelings, as well as my rational understanding of ethical concepts when I am faced with decisions. The underlying principles which inform the way I live my life are also drawn from the aforementioned notion of intuition or deep-introspection.For example, if I refuse a certain job offer, or even the offer of intimacy on specific occasions this may have less to do with something which could be expressed in a linear fashion the job was overly demeaning, or that person had the wrong hair-style or hobby, but with something that might be more difficult to articulate clearly, but which is much(prenomina l) more essential than both superficial notions that might be viewed by some as important gauges or cues. In short, I dont have any kind of maxim or concrete set of principles edicts, I believe they are called but rather a sense of in-person disposition and emotional bearing.For example, I dont like to lessened commonwealths feelings viscerally I just do not like to witness their pain so I avoid doing so when I can eliminate it. On the other hand, I take a rather dim view of altruism or the notion of helping peck or bountiful them charity. I feel awkward placing myself in a position where I am apt to start pitying or feeling sorry for people I myself dislike being pitied or felt sorry for, so I guess I assume it is the same for others. I tend to convey the pursuit of happiness and personal joy (not to be confused with hedonism) as key aspects of my world view.That is, I am, at heart, an optimist who dislikes whining and cynicism and the pursuit of superficial self-gratific ation at the expense of others. That certainly does not mean that I advocate selflessness whatever that term may indicate as a way of life, but rather, that I view joy, success, and fulfillment at least to some degree to be communal in nature. It is necessary that all acknowledge that e very(prenominal)one is a part of the human experience, no matter who or what they are. there are no exceptions.In my work, I try very hard to be both fitting and respectful of those who I work with and for but I often find it difficult to refrain from voicing my opinions, especially when I believe there is a possibility that my input may be helpful. I realize that work is a primary form of self-expression and self-fulfillment in life. My idea is that most people either love their jobs and derive a large part of their self-identity and worldly power through their jobs, or they hate their jobs and are constricted, limited, and oppressed by them.So, to my mind, it is crucial that you endeavor as much as possible to find a job that puts you in the former rather than the latter category because so much of life keys off of ones work. One thing that I am convinced about is that everyone should bring the same emotional involvement and enthusiasm to their jobs as they very often bring to their hobbies, just as I believe most people should try to bring the same level of integrity and competence to their personal relationships as is usually required by their jobs. Obviously, I would not advocate the pursuit of money as a reliable indicator of whether or not a job is the right or wrong job.It is much more important that a job facilitate ones sense of self-esteem and emotional credentials than whether or not the financial rewards are above and beyond fair. That said, a fair salary is always indicated because without it, maintaining self-respect and self-esteem is made more difficult. composition there is no single litmus test for whether or not ones work is the right work for them, th e emotional and intuitive aspects of decision making can help as much in assessing a jobs strengths and weaknesses as a cold rational evaluation of the facts.

Master Budgeting with Supporting Schedule Essay Example for Free

Master Budgeting with Supporting Schedule EssayCravat Sales Company, a nationwide distributor of a authors silk ties with an exclusive franchise on the distribution of the ties, and sales have grown rapidly over the last few years. Your have been given over indebtedness for all planning and budgeting.Your assignment is to prep ar a master budget for the next 3 months, starting April 1st. You are anxious to make a kind impression on the president and have assembled the information below.The company desires a minimum expiry specie balance each month of ,000. The ties are interchange to retailers for $8 each. Recent and entered sales in units are as followsThe large buildup in sales before and during June is due to Fathers Day. Ending inventories are supposed to equal 90% of the next months sales in units. The ties cost the company $5 each.Purchases are paying(a) for as follows50% in the month of purchase, and the stay 50% in the adjacent monthAll sales are on credit, wi th no discount, and payable within 15 days, however, only 25% of a months sales are collected by month-end. An additional 50% is collected in the following month, and the remaining 25% is collected in the second month following sale. Bad debts have been negligible.The companys monthly selling and administrative expenses are given belowVariable monthly expensesSales commissions (per unit)$1.00Fixed monthly expensesWages and salaries$22,000.00Utilities$14,000.00Insurance$1,200.00Depreciation$1,500.00Miscellaneous$3,000.00All selling and administrative expenses are paid during the month, in cash, with the exception of depreciation and insurance expired. Land will be purchased during May for $25,000 cash.The company declares dividends of $12,000 each quarter, payable in the outset month of the following quarter.The companys balance sheet at March 31 is given belowThe company has an agreement with a bank that allows it to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $40,000. The come to rate on these loans is 1% per month, and for simplicity, we will assume that interest is not compounded. At the end of the quarter, the company would pay the bank all of the accumulated interest on the loan and as much of the loan as possible (in increments of $1,000), while still retaining at least $10,000 in cash.AssignmentsPrepare a master budget for the three-month period ending June 30, including* sales budget by month and in total* schedule of expected cash collections from sales, by month and in total* merchandise purchases budget in units and in dollars, by month and in total* schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases, by month and in total* cash budget by month and in total* budgeted income statement for the three-month period ending June 30, with the contribution approach* budgeted balance sheet as of June 30SolutionsBased on the sale forecast from April to July and the expected cash collection porti ons in each month (25% 50% 25%) , a sales budget ,a schedule of expected cash collections from sales, a merchandise purchases budget and schedule of expected cash disbursements were calculated and displayed in Table 1.Table 1 Cravat Sales CompanyExpected sales, cash collections, and cash disbursements for merchandise purchasesUnit USDThe Cravat Sales Company was expected to spend $195,750, $256,250, and $251,250 in cash for purchasing of merchandises in April, May, and June respectively. Totally, it would spend $703,250 within the 2nd quarter.In the first attempt to forecast the cash funding, we found that the company could not borrow less than $40,000 per month as agreed with the bank while maintaining the minimum ending cash balance of $10,000 at the same time. If comply only the borrowing limit, it would keep marginal cash of $2,250 in hands by end of April and ache severe cash shortage of $37,000 by the end of May.

Snow Falling on Cedars Essay Example for Free

Snow Falling on Cedars EssayIn the novel Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson, Ishmaels adopt for catharsis and catharsis itself is powerfully influenced by Hatsue. His emotions upsurge beginning with their childhood love by the ocean side, and because these occurrences happened so early in his childhood, he degenerate profoundly in love with Hatsue each day. As the two mature, they also grow apart, causing intense heartbreak on Ishmaels terms. In the first letter he confesses to Hatsue how he aches for her to come home and he states Im lonely and miserable and think of you always and hope you save up me right away. Ishmael is desperate for Hatsues love and affection.He says without her, he has nothing. Ishmael is selfish and egotistical. Hatsue is in a prison camp where she sleeps in frame and lives around disease, and he is merely thinking of his own security and well-being. He continues his selfishness when Hatsue explains to Ishmael that she can no longer continue th eir relationship because she is deceiving her parents, his emotions climax his detestation grows and he cannot contain it. He tells Hatsue I hate you, Hatsue, I hate you always. Ishmael burts with pessimistic emotions during the war.He once again writes Hatsue and says he is about to vote down as realityy people as he can that look like her. He says his numbness is a terrible thing he was raging at them japs and wanted their death. He contained and expressed significant amounts of hatred. Ishmael means what he says completely, but he cannot get himself to tell Hatsue the truth. At this point when he writes the letter, he crumples up the letter and throws in into the sea along with his notepad. He still loves Hatsue.Ishmael comes back from the war with all these emotions that he still posseses for Hatsue. He sees her in the grocery store, and even though she is holding her newborn baby, he tells her I am like a dying person I harbourt been happy for a single moment since the da y you left sometimes I think Im going to go softheaded I dont sleep the feeling never leaves me alone. Ishmael cant hold back his feelings for Hatsue, and even though he wants to block up about her, shown in his hate letters, this task is unimaginable, impossible.The emotions of Ishmael control him when he discovers the note about the freighter and how it was most likely the cause of Carls death. He cannot bring himself to admit the incident. If he admits it, Kabuo will not be convicted and will stay by Hatsues side. Ishmael is selfish in wanting the man Hatsue is supposed to spend the rest of her life with to go to jail, to be found guilty. Kabuo would be set free with the courts knowledge of this crucial tack together of information.When Ishmael rereads the letter I dont love you, Ishmael When we met that last time in the cedar tree and I felt your luggage compartment move against mine, I knew with certainty that everything was wrong. I knew we could never be right together h e comes to the conclusion that the war and his arm had made his heart more than smaller and he had not moved on at all. Ishmael has to be grateful even if Hatsues love for him has faded. Another example of this is when he sits in the Cedar tree and realizes that his place is not there anymore, that it was a childhood secret that someone else should have the chance to experience.After all these days he is compelled to speak to Hatsue, and tell her the truth about the freighter and Carls death. His emotions stablilize and his guilt is set free. Ishmael gives himself the capability of moving forward in his life, and although he will never forget his childhood love for Hatsue, he learns to be grateful for her. David Guterson gave Ishmael an overpowering catharsis, which at many points in the characters life drowned him. Throughout the story it affects his actions and key moments in his life, and alters him forever.

Process of Meiosis | Experiment

Process of pupillary reflex ExperimentIn this test we postdated the offset of meiosis by looking at different skids. Meiosis is a shape in which a diploid (2n) p atomic calculate 18nt cell is divided into four haploid (n) daughter cells. The daughter cells assimilate half the follow of chromosomes as the pargonnt cell. Meiosis mainly occurs in sex cells (gametes) of humanitys through the process of spermatobrokersis (males) or oogenesis (females). It is essential for sexual reproduction, and thus is seen in tot e genuinely(prenominal)y eukaryotes that reproduce sexually. Before the cell undergoes meiosis, it first replicates its desoxyribonucleic acid. Meiosis includes 2 rounds of division- meiosis I and meiosis II. After meiosis I is completed, DNA is not replicated, which leads to the final exam daughter cells being haploid (n). The first step of meiosis I is prophase I. During prophase I, DNA can be exchanged in the midst of homologic chromosomes by tetrads go acro ss everyplace, a process referred to as recombination. The new combination of DNA provides for genetic variation for the daughter cells. In addition, in prophase I, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, and the two centrioles front to opposite closings of the cell. In metaphase I, homologous chromosomes are coordinateed at the metaphase plate (site where the cell go forth divide) in pairs. The side at which homologous pairs will poster is random and further improves the chances for genetic variation. The centrioles attach kinetochore microtubules to the chromosomes, so that they can be pulled apart to the different ends as the cell divides. In anaphase I, the microtubules shorten, pulling the pairs of homologous chromosomes apart from one another. In telophase I, the chromosomes arrive at their respective ends and the cell divides to form two haploid cells. The nuclear membrane is reformed, and the microtubules dis erupt. The chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin. Note, that p urge though the first meiotic division led to two haploid cells, from each one chromosome still contains a pair of sister chromatids. Thus, meiosis II aims without DNA replicating beforehand. The steps in meiosis II are very similar to the ones in meiosis I. In prophase II, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, the centrioles move to the opposite end of the pole, the chromosomes condense and prepare for the second division. In metaphase II, the chromosomes again line up randomly at the plate, but this time independently, not in pairs. The spindle interlock is formed is also formed. In anaphase II, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward the opposite ends of the pole. Lastly, in telophase II, the cells are cleaved and the nuclear envelope reappears. The chromosomes uncoil and the end case is 4 haploid daughter cells. In spermatogenesis, the 4 daughter cells are the spermatids. However, in oogenesis, even though 4 haploid daughter cells are created, 3 are polar bodies , while the last is an ootid (egg), which might be fertilized by a spermatid. During fertilization (when the spermatid and ootid join), the number of chromosomes reverts back to 2n (diploid). The random alignment and crisscross over are very important to the process of meiosis because they provide for greater genotypic diversity. However, if the chromosomes are not up to(p) to separate, several errors can arise. Klinefelter and Turner syndromes are due to nondisjunction, during which there is an extra X chromosome present in males, or missing an X chromosome in females, respectively (Russell, 346-349). We also observed the life cycle of the insect drosophila. We will be experimenting on them in the coming weeks. This insect serves as a great experimental organism in the field of genetic science due to its short, unique life cycle, and since Mendels laws of inheritance (law of segregation, law of independent assortment) are clearly visible when they mate. The law of segregation sta tes that when either individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate so that each gamete receives only one copy. The law of independent assortment states that alleles of different genes assort independently from each other during gamete formation. The purpose of this experiment was to familiarize ourselves with the process of meiosis and the insect drosophila, as we will be working with them in future experiments. We used slides from human testis, rat testis, and chorthippus testis, to compare the process of meiosis in different eukaryotes. I predict that I will be commensurate to see the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase in the slides.HypothesisI believe that the process of meiosis will be the same in all three eukaryotes, and I will be able to view the cells differentiating.I should be able to see the different structures of the insects and be able to distinguish male and female drosophilas based on their appearance.I believe that I will be able to witness the different stages of meiosis in the slides.MethodsObtain the slides and the compound light microscope from the instructor. Place the first slide on the stage of the microscope (the microscope should be on the terminal power- 40x) and use the coarse adjustment knob to focus the slide. Turn to the next highest power (100x), and this time, use only the fine adjustment knob to bring the slide into focus. Turn the microscope to the 400x power, and again focus the slide. Sketch what you see on a separate sheet of paper and label the different structures. Before moving on to the oil immersion power, put a little drop of oil in the middle of the slide. Focus the image under oil immersion and field the results once again. After youre done sketching the slide, lower the stage and put the microscope back to the lowest power (CAUTION be careful not to frustrate oil on the 400x power when turning the objectives as this will ruin the lens). Repeat these steps for the rest of the sl ides (NOTE for the drosophila male and female slide, the lowest power, 40x, is good enough to get a good overview). The slides we viewed were chorthippus testis, generalized animal cell, human chromosome (metaphase state), turtle liver mitochondria, drosophila chromosome, drosophila (male and female), rat testis, and human testis. At the end of the experiment, clean all the slides that have oil on them, wipe the oil immersion lens, and return the materials to the instructor.ResultsQuestions1. What major chromosomal eccentric occurs between leptonema and zygonema?Between leptonema and zygonema, the major chromosomal event that occurs is the pairing of the homologous chromosomes.2. Do any of the chromosomes at zygonema appear to consist of two parallel parts? How do you account for this appearance?Yes, chromosomes at zygonema appear to consist of two parallel parts, which is probably due to the paired homologues.3. Consult your textbook for a definition of the term chromomere. fucki ng you detect chromomeres in any of the meiotic cells you are examining? At what substages of prophase I are chromomeres evident?Chromomeres are dark regions of chromatin condensation. Yes, you can detect chromomeres in meitotic cells they are usually seen in zygonema of prophase I.4. Do you observe a large, darkly staining structure in the nucleus during leptonema and zygonema? This body represents an already highly condensed (heterochromatic) X chromosome. Can you follow the dowry of this chromosome through the rest of the substages of prophase I and metaphase I?Yes, it should be possible to follow the fate of this chromosome through the rest of the substages of prophase I and metaphase I. This X chromosome will not align with the rest of the chromosomes at the metaphase plate and will be near one end of the splitting cell or the other.5. Briefly list major differences between zygonema and pachynema.At zygonema, the chromosomes are much less condensed than those at pachynema. Cro ssing over occurs at pachynema. The number of chromosomes can be determined at pachynema, but not at zygonema.6. Locate cells in diplonema. Can you observe a) the two homologous chromosomes in a pair? b) individual chromatids in a chromosome? c) chiasmata?a) Yes, the homologous chromosomes in pairs are visible. b) Yes, the chromatids are also visible, since the chromosomes at this stage are much coiled. c) Yes, the chiasmata is visible, it is the point where the pair of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.7. Because of the degree of condensation of the chromosomes, diakinesis is an nonpareil stage at which to determine the chromosome number. Count the chromosomes in a grasshopper cell at diakinesis. Record the number here. Does this represent the diploid number? rid your answer.Note that sex in grasshoppers is determined by an XO mechanism in which the female is XX, but the male has a single X chromosome. Therefore, the X chromosome that you observe in diakinesis is no t a tetrad. What is the significance of this information for determining chromosome number in grasshopper males versus females?Since grasshopper males are missing an X chromosome, to distinguish their diploid number of chromosomes, one would have to count the haploid number (n), double it (2n), but then subtract 1, since it is missing an X chromosome. In females, the subtraction will not be necessary they will always have double their haploid number of chromosomes (example- if haploid number equals 14 chromosomes, male diploid number will equal (2n-1 = 28-1) 27 chromosomes, while the females will have 28 chromosomes in a diploid cell).8. Observe several cells in metaphase I. Do you commemorate a chromosome in an unusual position with respect to the other chromosomes in the cell? What chromosome might this be?Yes, this chromosome could be the X or Y chromosome.9. Can you find cells in other stages of meiosis or sperm differentiation? If so, briefly describe their appearance and sta te what stages you think they might be.Yes, it is possible to find other stages of meiosis. In metaphase, the chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate. In anaphase, the chromosomes are being pulled apart, and in telophase the cells should be separating via cytokinesis.ConclusionThe process of meiosis is very complicated, but is necessary for sexual reproduction. There are five substages of prophase I in meiosis. Prophase I is the most important stage in meiosis, since this is the stage where crossing over occurs between homologous pairs of chromosomes, which is essential for genetic variation. The first substage is leptonema where chromosomes begin to condense into long strands and begin to look for their homologous pair. In the second substage, zygonema, the chromosomes have found their pairs. The third substage, pachynema, is where crossing over occurs. In addition, the chromosomes are condensed enough so that one can count the number of chromosomes. In the fourth substage, diplonema, portions of the chromosome begin to separate, and the chiasmata (the site where crossing over takes place) is made visible. The last stage, diakenisis, is where the nucleoli disappears, the nuclear membrane disintegrates, and the four tetrads of a pair of homologous chromosomes are clearly visible (the chromosomes are fully condensed) (Meiosis Prophase I).When looking at the drosophilas, males were easily distinguishable from females. Males were smaller in size compared to the females. The end of the male was more rounded, while the female was pointier. Females had more of a striped pattern on their ends, while males have black as the dominant color. Lastly, males have a sex comb at the joint of each front leg (males also have a penis) (Hammersmith Mertens, 5).In the generalized animal cell, I was able to identify the nucleus and the nuclear envelope. In the human chromosome slide of metaphase, the chromosomes were lined up, which means they were about to be separated. In the human, rat and chorthippus testis, I had a difficult time identifying the different cell types, or cells in different phases of meiosis. Meiosis is an essential process, and if an error occurs, the consequences could be lethal.